The Role of Nutrition

There is no evidence that any particular foods cause or contribute to Crohn's disease or other types of IBD. Once the disease has developed, however, paying special attention to diet may help reduce symptoms, replace lost nutrients, and promote healing.

Good nutrition is essential for anyone who has a chronic disease, but it is especially important in Crohn's disease for several reasons. First, the appetite is often reduced in people with Crohn's. Second, chronic diseases tend to increase the energy or caloric needs of the body. This is particularly true during episodes of disease "flares." And third, Crohn's is associated with diarrhea and poor absorption or dietary protein, fat, carbohydrates, and water. All these symptoms rob the body of fluids, nutrients, and a wide variety of vitamins and minerals. Restoring and maintaining proper nutrition is a vital part of the medical management of Crohn's disease.

When Crohn's disease is active, soft, bland foods may cause less discomfort than spicy or high-fiber foods. Except for restricting milk in lactose-intolerant patients, most gastroenterologists try to be flexible in planning the diets of their Crohn's patients. A healthy diet should contain a variety of foods from all food groups. Meat, fish, poultry, and dairy products (if tolerated) are sources of protein; bread, cereal, starches, fruits, and vegetables are sources of carbohydrate; margarine and oils are sources of fat.