How is Crohn's Disease Diagnosed?

There is no single test that can establish the diagnosis of Crohn's disease with certainty. To determine the diagnosis, physicians evaluate a combination of information from the patient's history and physical exam. They examine the results of laboratory tests, X-rays, and findings on endoscopy and pathology tests, and exclude other known causes of intestinal inflammation. X-ray tests may include barium studies of the upper and lower GI tract. Endoscopy tests may include flexible sigmoidoscopy and, sometimes, colonoscopy, which allow the doctor to directly examine the colon with a lighted tube that is inserted through the anus. During these tests, biopsies may be obtained. This procedure involves the removal of a small piece of tissue for closer analysis. It is important to make sure that an infection is not causing the patient's symptoms, so one routine test is to examine the stool for harmful organisms. Because Crohn's disease often mimics other conditions and symptoms may vary widely, it may take some time to arrive at the correct diagnosis.